河南工业大学学报（社会科学版）

探望制度构建的理论宗旨是儿童利益最大化原则与“子女本位”的现代婚姻家庭理念。《中华人民共和国民法典》以“赋权”为核心构建的探望制度，存在原则性偏差。这种制度缺失直接原则性条款，极易导致子女被边缘化，且在权利语境的立法模式下无法妥善解决子女利益保护缺位的难题。不同于传统大陆法系的“小监护”制度，我国“大监护”模式下，传统亲权内容早已包含于监护之中，父母保障子女进行适当会面交往已然成为监护职责不可或缺的一部分。以“定职”为核心，从义务语境下构建探望制度，是遵从制度本源的选择，有利于从根源上缓解探望纠纷中的冲突，满足多元主体的探望需求，促进制度的衔接与补充，克服现存的“硬伤”。义务语境下探望制度的构建与完善可从3方面展开：将保障未成年子女适当会面交往明确为一项监护职责；以子女利益最大化为原则构建核心制度；建立充分的制度衔接保障体系。

The theoretical tenets of visitation system are the principle of maximizing children's interests and “children-oriented” modern marriage and family concept. The visitation system, constructed on the basis of the core of the Civil Code “empowerment”, has deviations in principle, not only having a strong chance of easily leading to the marginalization of children due to the deficiency of direct principle clauses, but also lacking effective solutions under the context of the rights in the legislative mode. Different from the “minor guardianship” system in the traditional civil law system, traditional parental rights have long been included in the custody in the “major guardianship” system in China, which means ensuring children to visit and interact properly has become an indispensable part of the custody duty. Constructing a visitation system in the context of obligation with the core of “fixing duty” is a choice of complying with the origin of the system, which is beneficial for relieving the conflict of visitation disputes, satisfying the visitation needs of multiple subjects, promoting the connection and supplement of the system, and overcoming the existing “obvious flaws”. The construction and perfection of the visitation system in obligation context can be carried out from three aspects: defining proper meeting and communication of minor children as guardianship responsibility; building the core system on the principle of maximizing children's interests; and providing sufficient guarantee during institutional transitions.